All about russia Free Essays

string(68) upheavels prompted the â€Å"era of stagnation† in the 1980s. Each general public on the planet with its embolic forces of conjunction with the nature’s changes and society’s choppiness is consistently moving towards development and advancement for guaranteeing the support for the age straightaway. This ordinary component of the Society is its Character by which it is perceived. This Character is additionally controlled by the connection of conventional culture, its Land and its social and political propensities, which since hundreds of years are delving further roots in the cognizance of the residents and their scholarly demeanor towards life and society. We will compose a custom paper test on About russia or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now In 989 when St. Vladimir acknowledged Christianity, Russia ventured out to assume control over the legacy of Constantinopole. Again in 1453, when New Rome of Constantinopole had tumbled to Turks, Moscow developed as a â€Å"Third Rome† and the Soviet Union subsequent to taking its own course turned into another blend of the argument of history and its Duke turned into the â€Å"Tsar of All the Russians†. The historical backdrop of Russia starts with the East Slavs, an ethnic gathering, which was in the long run part into Russia, Ukrainian and Belarusians. This gathering rose up out of the Vikings who were the savage clans and uneducated agnostics enjoyed the movement of assaulting and looting, yet they were innovatively very progressed and had stable authoritative set up. These Vikings entered the Black ocean through the Russian stream frameworks known as â€Å"Varangians† (from their name in Slavic, presently Varyag in Russian), yet when they settled in the zone, they came to be known as Rus. Essential Chronicle even says that, â€Å"These specific Varangians were known as Russes. † (Ross, Successors of Rome: Russia, 862-Present, Grand Princes of Kiev, Para. 1). Kievan Rus was the primary East Salvic express that was changed over to Christianity in 988(Online, Russian Church Architecture) and they carried with it the Cyrillic letter set, which got genuineness by the Soviet Union alongside the other random dialects like the Turkish of Central Asia. Poland and the Baltic States brought Latin letters in order attribute of Francia and the Jews of Poland composed Yiddish in the Hebrew letter set. What's more, with the progressing time, the little countries of the Caucasus like the Armenians and Georgians began utilizing their own letter sets. (Ross, Successors of Rome: Russia, 862-Present, Introduction, Para. 2) After the thirteenth century, Moscow turned into the tremendous social community and by eighteenth century, the Grand Duchy of Moscow framed the gigantic Russian Empire, extending from Poland towards the Pacific Ocean. By nineteenth century, advancement in the Western Countries made a fantastic effect on the Russia, which drove Russian system to clear the path for changes for the general development and improvement. Subsequently, Russian serfdom was annulled in 1861 however it end up being pointless for the laborers that prompted the structure of progressive weights. With the abolishment of Serfdom and the start of World War I in 1914, Russia saw various changes in the economy and legislative issues. The most conspicuous change was the change of Stolypin agrarian changes, which moved the ancient obshchina type of Russian horticulture towards increasingly dynamic and entrepreneur arranged type of agribusiness, giving private proprietorship rights to the ranchers, second was the First constitution of 1906 which was otherwise called essential laws and was authorized on April 23rd, thirdly there was the foundation of State Duma. A State duma comprised one of the few delegate congregations of current Russia. These changes achieved various changes in economy and even in the legislative issues of Russia, yet at the same time the absolutist standard of the Tsars didn't evaporate totally and the outcome was the Russian Revolution in 1917. There were two unrests in Russia: First Revolution was the toppling of the Tsar and arrangement of the Provisional Government and the other was the October upset in which Bolsheviks ousted the Provisional Government. The life in Russia during Revolution saw the monstrous change and vulnerability. On one hand urban communities and ventures were mushrooming though then again there was incredible degree of vulnerabilities. Country populace started to relocate increasingly more towards the Industrially focused territories, working class of cushy representatives, businesspeople, and experts like specialists, legal counselors, educators, writers, engineers, and so on were on the ascent. Nobles also were experiencing through various stages, discovering approaches to modify themselves in this evolving economy. Two kinds of classes rose proletarians and business people, who were partitioned along the lines of status, sexual orientation, age, ethnicity, and conviction. There was development of various gatherings moving laborers, specialist learned people, nobility experts and so on which changed the entire surface of the life of individuals instilling themselves into the universe of realism. This fast industrialization prompted the congestion of the urban zones and poor conditions for urban modern specialists. Another working class was shaped somewhere in the range of 1890 and 1910 because of the expansion in the number of inhabitants in the St Petersburg and Moscow from 1,033,600 to 1,905,600. Therefore there was distress wherever which was the ground enough for the Russian transformation to fuel. The Russian unrest brought the alliance of dissidents and moderate communists to control from one perspective and afterward Communist Bolsheviks on the other. Somewhere in the range of 1922 and 1991, there was the start of the new time throughout the entire existence of Russia when Soviet Union appeared, an association that held the foundations of ideological musings and discernments. The start of the post-Stalinist in 1919’s saw the development of media and intercession of TV and radio projects in its region, which prompted the genuine arousing among the Russians in all the social, political and monetary circles. Stalinism with this Marxism and Leninism approach supplanted the New Economic Policy (NEP) in the year 1920 with Five Year Plans of 1928 and aggregate cultivating, which before the finish of 1930 drove the Soviet Union to be risen as the major Industrial force on the planet, however this had antagonistic impact on the laborers because of the aggregate strategy and the oppressive proportions of the Government. The constraints and political, social and efficient upheavels prompted the â€Å"era of stagnation† during the 1980s. You read About russia in classification Papers But by the late 1980s, the shortcomings in the financial and political structures drove the Communist chiefs to set out upon the significant changes, bringing about the breakdown of the Soviet Union and the development of the Russian Federation. By the mid of 1990 when Yeltsin came to control he received most disagreeable Yegor Gaidar’s stun treatment for stopping the value controls, cutting in state spending, and beginning of the open remote exchange system mid 1992. These changes were the hit to the expectations for everyday comforts of the vast majority of its residents, particularly for the gatherings who were getting a charge out of the advantages of Soviet-time state-controlled wages and costs, state sponsorships, and government assistance privilege programs and subsequently Russia endured a monetary downturn considerably more extreme than the United States or Germany had experienced six decades sooner during the Great Depression. Then again these financial changes opened the entryways of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, for the biggest and quickest privatization on the planet. The huge endeavors were obtained by the old administrators, prompting criminal mafias and Western speculators, and at the base level there was swelling, joblessness, prostitution, and wrongdoing. Expense incomes had crumpled and Russia’s economy was additionally dove into the Financial emergencies in 1998. Russian Economy again recuperated in 1999, because of the expansion on the planet cost of oil and gas. (Wikipedia Encyclopedia, Russian Federation, para. 5) By 2000, Yeltsin gave his renunciation, and gave the rules of the administration to the Prime Minister, Vladimir Putin. The entire of the character of the Russian Industry was reliant on the joined endeavors from the different circles of economy. Russia didn't depend on the European powers yet jumped towards the improvement on its own endeavors, the different branches gained gigantic ground, which rose with exceptional speed particularly between the main upset and the war and made the Russian history specialists state, â€Å"We must desert the legend of backwardness and moderate development. † When the war was at its pinnacle the tzarist Russia had thrived to impressive degree; with respect to each one hundred square kilometers of land, Russia had, at the hour of war, 0. 4 kilometers of railways, Germany 11. 7, Austria-Hungary 7. (Trotsky, Peculiarities of Russia’s Development, Para. 17). The Financial Institutions had likewise evolved in Russia to actualize the development of Industrial Revolution yet the overwhelming ventures, for example, metal, coal and oil were all heavily influenced by outside account capital, which had made assistant and middle of the road arrangement of banks in Russia, and it was valid for light enterprises too. Different countries were holding 40 percent of the stock capital of Russia, yet in the main parts of industry this rate was a lot higher. The Russian business even impacted the social character of the Russian bourgeoisie and its political physiognomy and the centralization of the enterprises implied that there was no pecking order of transitional layers between the entrepreneur chiefs and the mainstream masses, however the responsibility for remote hands prompted un-strength. Every one of these components alongside the concentrated mistreatments of tzarism drove the Russian laborers towards the progressive contemplations. Russia at the attack of the twentieth century had a populace

Biblia Essay Example For Students

Biblia Essay Durante 2500 anos, desde o incio da criao at Moiss, no havia nothing escrito. As mensagens de Deus eram transmitidas de pai para filho de modo oral. A partir de Moiss, Deus achou que period hora de documentar as mensagens e assim se iniciou o ciclo dos profetas escritores. 1. O Hebraico bblico um ramo da antiga lngua semita falada pelos hebreus e pelos nativos de Cana.2. uma lngua simples. A maior parte de suas palavras bsicas contm trs consoantes, tornando as sentenas hebraicas pequenas e objetivas.3. O hebraico torna a poesia do Antigo Testamento vvida, expressiva e bela (Idem) O salmo 23 composto por apenas 57 palavras em hebraico. O mesmo Salmo contm 107 palavras em portugusA linguagem hebraica foi cultivada como a mais sagrada lngua no mundo. Um esprito de devoo foi acariciado. No apenas foi ensinado aos estudantes o dever de orar, mas eles eram ensinados como orar, como se aproximar de seu Criador, como exercitar f nEle e como compreender e obedecer os ensinos de Seu Espirito. Intelectos santificados trouxeram da casa do tesouro de Deus coisas novas e velhas.4. O hebraico antigo considerado a lngua mais compreensvel para transmitir a mensagem de Deus atravs de Seus profetas, ao rhythm em que o Antigo Testamento foi escrito.II REIS 18:26 E 28| LNG UA JUDAICAISAAS 19:18| LNGUA DE CANA. A maior parte do Antigo Testamento foi escrita do hebraico antigo, enquanto umas poucas partes foram escritas em Aramaico. O aramaico, uma lngua relacionada muito de perto com o hebraico, time a lngua dos arameus, que viviam principalmente na Mesopotamia e na Sria.A) O uso da lngua aramaica no mundo1. Por ser uma lngua simples e fcil de se aprender, os babilnios e os Assrios, grandes potncias de seus dias adotaram-na. 2. Operating system persas que conquistaram babilnia adotaram o aramaico como lngua oficial do imprio. 3. Quando os judeus foram levados para Babilnia durante os 70 anos de cativeiro, tambm adotaram o aramaico em lugar do hebraico. 4. Ao beat em que Cristo esteve na Palestina, o aramaico period a lngua materna dos palestinos. A Bblia ainda time lida em hebraico no culto da sinagoga, ao rhythm de Cristo, mas muitas pessoas, especialmente as mulheres, no a podiam compreender. Tornou-se costumeiro, portanto, que os leitores das sinagogas traduzissem os versos bblicos para o aramaico. Mais tarde foram feitas tradues escritas do Antigo Testamento para o aramaico os chamados Targums. O hebraico falado tinha ficado obsoleto em grande medida nos beats pr-cristos. O aramaico foi mantido vivo continuamente como lngua falada at o presente, e ainda usado em certas partes do Oriente Prximo, onde conhecido como siraco.5. Em Jerusalm, mesmo risks dos grandes cativeiros, os mais estudados falavam aramaico fluentemente. Exemplo: Quando Rabsaqu, o emissrio do rei da Assria veio Jerusalm, os altos funcionrios de Ezequias pediram que eles falassem em aramaico para eles.(leia isto em II Reis 18:26)B) O uso do aramaico no texto sagrado1. A primeira vez que uma palavra aramaica usada na Bblia foi usada por Labo quando fez um pa cto de fidelidade com Jac. Para expressar o conceito: Monte de pedra de testemunho, Labo usou a palavra aramaica (Jegar-Sahadutha) e Jac usou a palavra hebraica (Galeed )2. Quando Daniel foi apresentado diante de Nabucodonozor para interpretar o sonho da grande esttua que representava a histria dos quatro grandes imprios, ele comeou a falar em aramaico no top. 2: 4 e continuou an escrever seu livro em aramaico at o top. 7:28. 3. Jesus fez uso continuamente do aramaico. PALAVRAS DE JESUS EM ARAMAICO | SIGNIFICADOTalata Cumi Marcos 5:41| Menina, a ti Te digo: levanta-teEli Eli Lam Sabactani MAR.15:34 | Deus meu, Deus meu porque me desamparaste?Desde os primrdios os israelitas davam muita ateno a questo da educao.Tanto na escola como no lar, muitos dos ensinos eram feitos de maneira oral, mas os jovens tambm aprendiam a ler os escritos hebraicos; e os rolos de pergaminhos das escrituras do Antigo Testamento eram abertos para seu estudo.III PARTE O GREGO DO NOVO TESTAMENTOQuando o 3 imprio mundial liderado por Alexandre, o grande, teve incio em 331 AC, a cultura e a lngua grega se espalharam pela maior parte da rea do Mediterrneo e do Oriente Mdio. 1. Um fato interessante que os romanos foram vencedores sobre os gregos, subjugaram os gregos, impuseram o domnio romano com mo de ferro, mas tiveram que engolir a lngua dos gregos. 2. O grego foi adotado no Imprio romano como a lngua all inclusive. Business morals issues in the film Boiler room EssayA concluso que cerca de 90% da populao mundial podem ler a Bblia em sua prpria lngua, idioma ou dialeto. C) Qual a melhor traduo em Portugus? difcil dizer qual a melhor traduo sem saber para que, ou qual o objetivo da pergunta. 1. Alguns dizem que a traduo Verso Almeida Revista e Corrigida a mais autntica e tem maior autoridade. Exemplos de alguns vocbulos usados pela Almeida Revista e Corrigida que no se usam mais hoje:Eira que quer dizer uma rea onde se malha o oat. (Rute 3:2) Pez que quer dizer betume. (Isaas 34:9) Rubicundo que quer dizer pessoa muito corada.(Cantares 5:10) Tamargueira que significa um Arbusto nativo da frica.(Jeremias 17:6) Sambuca que significa uma pequena harpa triangular. (Dan. 3:5) 2. Outros estudiosos dizem que a Verso Almeida Revista e Atualizada tem uma melhor linguagem. A linguagem foi muito melhorada, e no restam dvidas de que nesta reviso foram usados manuscritos gregos dos melhores, muito superiores aos .que an Almeida tinha sua frente para usar na traduo unique que fez.3. A Bblia na Linguagem de Hoje e a Bblia Viva que so parfrases, incorporam muitos dos conceitos e preconceitos de seus tradutores. So timas para estudo devocional. 4. As tradues que so mais fiis ao texto unique, so melhores para estudos doutrinrios. Em resumo, a melhor traduo aquela que atende a sua necessidade. Vi que Deus havia de uma maneira particular guardado a Bblia, ainda quando da mesma existiam poucos exemplares; e homens doutos nalguns casos mudaram as palavras, achando que an estavam tornando mais compreensvel, quando na realidade estavam mistificando aquilo que period claro, fazendo-as apoiar suas estabelecidas opinies, que eram determinadas pela tradio. Vi, porm, que a Palavra de Deus, como um todo, uma cadeia perfeita, prendendo-se uma parte outra, e explicando-se mutuamente. For example White, Primeiros Escritos pgs. 221 e 222. Nosso Salvador, atravs da inspirao proclama: Vi outro anjo voando pelo meio do Cu, tendo um evangelho eterno para pregar aos que se assentam sobre a land, e a cada nao, e tribo, e lngua, e povo. (Apc. 14:6)1. Desde a Torre de Babel, tem havido uma surpreendente multiplicao de lnguas no mundo todo. 2. Este fato um grande desafio para a proclamao do Evangelho eterno. 3. As lnguas tambm so dinmicas e esto em constantes mudanas. Isto mais um desafio. Uma menina pintou um quadro da fuga de Jesus ao Egito. Ela desenhou um avio com quatro cabeas aparecendo nas janelas. Que cabeas so estas, perguntou a divertida professora. Esta Maria. Esta outra o pequeno Jesus. E este Jos. Respondeu a pequena desenhista. E quem est na cabine, perguntou a professora. Ok, este Pncio, o Piloto!Veja como est histria destaca a necessidade de tradues corretas das Escrituras Sagradas. B) O conselho de Paulo : Voc deve manejar bem a Palavra da Verdade. 1. Isto mostra que devemos buscar o melhor que pudermos em termos de estudo, pesquisa, tradues, sections and so on. Na publicao de A CINCIA DO BOM VIVER, em 1905, Ellen White usou oito textos da verso English Revised Version e 55 da American Revised Version. W.C. White, escreveu: Quando o oitavo volume de Testemonies for the Church foi publicado e pareceu desejvel fazer algumas citaes mais longas dos Salmos, foi dito irm White que a Revised Version dos Salmos time prefervel. Ela levou muito a srio esse conselho e nos instruiu a usar a Revised Version Ministry, Abril de 1947. Cremos que em nossa Ptria, estamos muito bem servidos de tradues, diversas sections e parfrases que nos ajudam a pesquisar melhor a Palavra de Deus e aplic-la para nosso crescimento espiritual. Como as fontes variam em qualidade e exatido. List of sources:

Avoiding Payday Loans How to Deal With a Bounced Paycheck

Avoiding Payday Loans How to Deal With a Bounced Paycheck Avoiding Payday Loans: How to Deal With a Bounced Paycheck Avoiding Payday Loans: How to Deal With a Bounced PaycheckCan a paycheck bounce? Unfortunately, yep. It does happen.If your paycheck bounces or your employer is late with a payment, it can mean financial disaster. Here are the steps you can take to fix the situation, as well as savings strategies to make sure you have the funds to make it through.If you’re one of the millions living paycheck-to-paycheck, then what would you do if your next paycheck happened to, well, just not show up. Or worse, it does show up, but when you go to cash it, you get the four worst words in the English language: “Transaction Failed, Insufficient Funds.”What are you going to do now? Do you have enough money in your savings account to deal with a delayed paycheck?If you don’t know the answers to these questions, don’t worry. There’s no need for you to run over to your local payday lender and take out a short-term, high-interest loan that’ll put you in an even deeper financial hole.Instead, ju st keep reading.1. Talk to your employerNothing shakes your faith in the American enterprise system like a bounced paycheck,” says Howard Dvorkin (@HowardDvorkin), CPA and Chairman of Debt.com (@debtcom).“It happens most often in small businesses, and many times, it’s not only unintentional, the employer is rightfully embarrassed as hell.”Dvorkin says that your first step should be to “call your employer and politely inquire. You just might get a horrified apology because someone forgot to do something important.”According to Roslyn Lash (@RosLash), an Accredited Financial Counselor and the founder of Youth Smart Financial Education Services, you should want to “make sure that the money wasnt incorrectly transferred or some type of computer glitch.”“Therefore,” she says, “you need to call your employer and explain the situation and inquire about a reissue date.”2. Start a Paper TrailIf your bounced paycheck does turn out to be a simple error, then you’ll pr obably be fine. But if it’s something elseâ€"if your employer is maybe up to somethingâ€"then you’re going to need documentation. You’ll need to not only document your lack of a paycheck, but your efforts to resolve the issue.“If you contact your employer and you get an attitude, start a paper trail,” says Dvorkin. “Get a copy of the returned check, and keep copies showing if you had to pay overdraft fees.”According to Lash, when people with a bounced paycheck contact their employer, they should “be sure to document the name, location of the representative that they speak with. This will be the beginning of the paper trail,” she says. “From this point forward, every conversation and everything and I mean everything should be documented.”3. Call Your BankMost people plan their bill payments around their paycheck. But when a paycheck bounces, that plan has got to change.Contact your bank to have all drafted automatic payments from your account canceled.” says L ash.   “Explain the situation to the bank representative and request proof that your paycheck was not deposited into your account.”“Any documentation that they can provide proofing that the employer had insufficient funds or that the check bounced would be helpful,” she says.Lash also recommends that “if you have an emergency savings, transfer some funds into this account to cover any outstanding bills.”“Ask your lender if there are any provisions made for NSF fees that you may incur,” she says.4. Contact your creditorsPeople tend to think that lenders are totally inflexible when it comes to your payments. And while it’s true that most lenders aren’t pushovers, and they don’t like it when people are constantly calling in about insufficient funds, they do understand that (and this a very technical banking term) “stuff happens.” The same goes for utility companies.Lash says that you should call your lenders and “Advise them of the situation and request a pa yment date change.”“Explain that you expect to be paid by date (whatever date that the employer advised you) but you will keep them abreast of any changes.”If you have already incurred a delinquent fee, she adds, “request a courtesy removal.”5. If you need to, then lawyer upIn cases where you aren’t able to get the situation resolved immediately, then you’re probably going to need an attorney. (Also: a new job.)Lawyers can be expensive. For someone with a low-income, especially someone who’s now not even receiving that income, a traditional lawyer might be out of the price range.This is is why both Lash and Dvorkin recommends contacting your local Legal Aid office. If you qualify for free legal aid, they should be able to set you up with a lawyer.“Meanwhile, if you want to get your employer’s attention, report him to the Department of Labor in your state,” says Dvorkin. “There are laws about these things, and you can file a complaint.”Try These Savings Stra tegiesOf course, if you aren’t able to get your paycheck issue resolved quickly, then you’re still going to need money. Even if you are able to find another job, it’ll probably be a few weeks before your paid. In the meantime, how are you gonna eat?This is where a payday loan might start looking like a pretty good option. But stay away. The extremely high APRs and the short repayment terms can all too easily lead to you rolling the loan over instead of paying it off on time. That’s how the dangerous cycle of debt begins.Instead, the best way to manage this situation is to have money in your savings. This way, you can bridge the gap without having to pay any additional fees or interest.Saving money does take some extra work and disciplineâ€"especially if you’re someone with a low-income, but there are definitely ways you can make it work.Kendal Perez (@HassleFreeSaver)is the Savings Expert for CouponSherpa.com (@CouponSherpa). Here are some of her tips for building your sav ingsHack your recurring expenses: “The most effective way to build your savings or emergency fund is to reduce your monthly payments and direct the difference to your savings accounts. Its a good idea to regularly review these expenses anyway to ensure youre not overpaying. Good candidates for review include cable TV and internet bills, mobile plans, auto insurance policies, and subscriptions. You can opt to swap your cable TV for a Netflix and/or Hulu subscription; decrease your data plan based on usage; increase the deductible on your auto insurance policies to drop your monthly premium, and review the subscriptions you pay for and start making cuts. You can also use a service called Trim to review and cancel unused subscriptions on your behalf.”Limit your splurges: “If youre prone to buying coffee or dining out for lunch each week, start cutting back on these treats and deposit what you save into your emergency fund. Cutting out these purchases entirely may lead to burnout, so select a day or two during the week or month to treat yourself. Limiting your splurges to Fridays and paydays only, for example, strikes a nice balance between enjoying your money now and saving for the future.”Automate your savings: “Paying yourself first means placing a priority on your financial wellness and security. This can be accomplished by setting up an automatic transfer of funds between checking and savings every time you receive a paycheck, or at any increment you choose. You can also use a tool like Digit which reviews your daily spending and makes small, incremental transfers from your checking to an online, FDIC-insured account.”Sell your stuff: “While reducing your spending and saving money is an important part of building an emergency fund, so too is adding to your income. Tis the season to spring clean and declutter, so consider selling your stuff at a garage sale, or through Craigslist or Facebook community groups, and deposit your profits into savings .”Attempt a no-spend challenge: “The more adventurous savers can try a no-spend challenge, whereby you try to purchase nothing for a certain period of time (one week, one month or even one year). The money you save by limiting your spending can go toward building your emergency fund.”Hopefully, you will never have to deal with a bounced paycheck. But if you do, follow these steps and you’ll weather the storm just fine.Have your own tips for dealing with bounced paycheck (and avoiding dangerous payday or bad credit loans)? Let us know! You can find us on Twitter at  @OppLoans.Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedINContributorsHoward S. Dvorkin  (@HowardDvorkin)    is a  two-time author, personal finance expert, community service champion and Chairman of Debt.com  (@debtcom). As  one of the most highly regarded debt and credit expert in the United States and has played an instrumental role in drafting both State and Federal Legislation.  Howard’s latest boo k “Power Up: Taking Charge of Your Financial Destiny” provides consumers with the detailed tools that they need to live debt free and regain their financial freedom. Howard has appeared as a finance expert on CBS Nightly News, ABC World News Tonight, The Early Show, Fox News, and CNN.Roslyn Lash  (@RosLash) is an Accredited Financial Counselor and the founder of Youth Smart Financial Education Services.  She specializes in youth financial education, adult coaching and works virtually with adults helping them navigate through their personal finances i.e. budgeting, debt, and credit repair.  Her advice has been featured in national publications such as USA Today, TIME, Huffington Post, NASDAQ, Los Angeles Times, and a host of other media outlets.Kendal Perez is the Savings Expert for CouponSherpa.com  (@CouponSherpa), a popular source for online, in-store and grocery coupons. Her money-saving tips are often featured on Bankrate, GOBankingRates, US News World Report, Wisebread a nd more. Kendal can be found on Twitter  @HassleFreeSaver.

My Life Of A Cab Calloway - 1837 Words

Cab Calloway was born in Rochester, New York, on Christmas Day in 1907. The family relocated to Baltimore, Maryland. His mother, Martha Eulalia Reed, was a Morgan State College graduate, teacher and church organist. His father, Cabell Calloway, Jr., was a graduate of Lincoln University of Pennsylvania in 1898 and worked as a lawyer and in real estate Cab Calloway spent his adolescent years growing up in West Baltimore s Sugar Hill, considered the political, cultural, and business hub of black society. There he grew up comfortably in a middle-class household. Early on, his parents recognized their son s musical talent and he began private voice lessons in 1922. He continued to study music and voice throughout his formal schooling. Despite his parents and teachers disapproval of jazz, Calloway began frequenting and performing in many of Baltimore s nightclubs. As a result, he came into contact with many of the local jazz luminaries of the time. He counted among his early mentors drummer Chick Webb and pianist Johnny Jones. After his graduation from Frederick Douglass High School,Calloway joined his older sister, Blanche, in a touring production of the popular black musical revue, Plantation Days.(Blanche Calloway became an accomplished bandleader before her brother did, and he would often credit her as his inspiration for enterin g show business.) His parents had hopes of their son becoming an attorney following after his father, so Calloway enrolled at Crane College inShow MoreRelatedThe Swing Era1664 Words   |  7 Pages My audience was my life. What I did and how I did it, was all for my audience, these words came from the well known and never forgotten Cab Calloway. His style and mix of blues, swing and scat spread like wildfire and filled many peoples lives with joy, excitement and happiness. Cab Calloway broke the boundaries of racial barriers and become a very popular and influential household name. 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Some songs played include: â€Å"Tightrope†, â€Å"Complimentary Opposites†, and â€Å"Tilted† among others. The style of jazz being played was quite unusual sounding to my western-trained ears and is the subgenre of jazz known as contemporary. Dissonance was used generously as well as complex and constantly changing rhythms; a k ey was very difficult to locate and the timbre varies greatly from rough and harsh to softRead MoreMusic Experience At The Miami University Jazz Essay1446 Words   |  6 Pagesphenomenon I observed when I attended the Miami University Jazz Ensemble’s concert for my ethnographic research. This phenomenon is evident in the way the musicians interacted with one another and their audience, the demographic of the audience, and the manner in which the show flowed. Before attending the concert, I anticipated a powerful performance guided by a deep culture cultivated over the ages by the likes of Cab Calloway and Dizzy Gillespie; I expected the culture to coat each note and the historyRead MoreThelma Robinson s Original Writing1602 Words   |  7 PagesWhites lived in separate neighborhoods, and often times people would not allow African Americans the right to register to vote† (Delaney 1). Outside of the home Thelma grew up, safe in, she learned that her skin meant more than her name. â€Å"The family my mother and I worked for treated us like dogs. They never looked us in the eyes when they talked to us and never called us by our names.† Thelma and her mother worked as maids for a white family that were racist but relied on their assistance. The familyRead MoreDifferent Types of popular music.2090 Words   |  9 Pagesis used in rock music also. 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But at the age of ten or so, an English teacher introduced him to music, which lead him to joining the school band. 5 He 3 Alyn Shipton, Groovin High: The life of Dizzy Gillespie, New York: Oxford University Press, 1999Read More Dizzy Gelespie (John Birks Gillespie) Essay2954 Words   |  12 Pagessounded like one of his influences, Roy Elridge (Kerfeld, 428). Playing with Hills band Gillespie traveled throughout Europe. Once he returned to New York Gillespie got his first big gig, as a trumpeter in Cab Calloways band. During 1939, a time still unequal for blacks and whites, Cab Calloway. had the highest paying black band around town (Gleason, 151). Gillespie on several occasions got together with Charlie Parker to write and jam around on a few songs. In after hour sessions, the to soonRead MoreEssay about Rap And Censorship2102 Words   |  9 Pages The beginnings of rap are believed to based on African rhythms which were used as a form of communication by the native peoples. The lyrical component of rap music is thought to have been greatly influenced by Cab Calloway with his repetitive chants and scats, along with his call-and-response technique with the audience. Rap evolved and gained in popularity in the 1960s when a few revolutionary quot;DJs,quot; including Kool DJ Herc, DJ Lovebug Starski, and DJ Hollywood, began to work block

Descriptive Personal Experience Essay - 754 Words

As I got on the plane I was not able to handle all of my excitement. I would be having a new adventure in Italy. It would take about 12 hours to arrive. During that time I would be sleeping, looking for fun tourist attractions, and sleeping some more. The plane finally landed just a few minutes ago on Central Italy and now I await my taxi. Once the taxi arrived and took me to my hotel I decided to go sightseeing. As I was driving to the Orvieto Cathedral I got lost. Without reception for my phone I decided to ask a woman near by. As I approached her she looked very well built and strong. As I neared her I noticed that she was also holding a child. I then asked, â€Å"Excuse me, do you know how to get to the Orvieto Cathedral from†¦show more content†¦I then asked what year it was. â€Å"523 BC,† she replied. I then stood in amazement for several minutes trying to comprehend how this is at all possible. Breaking the silence, she asked, â€Å"What year do you think it is?† I told her it was 2017. She looked at me in the most puzzled way after my response. â€Å"That s impossible,† she remarked, â€Å"we just barely conquered all of Rome.† â€Å"No, that s impossible, you conquered Rome thousands of years ago,† I remarked. Mala then look at me as if I were lying to her. Trying to prove to me she was correct she told me of all their discoveries and recent accomplishments. â€Å"My people have recently taken over Rome, built drains, made tunnels that take away excess water, and we have paved streets with brick houses. Not to mention that we have lances, axes, swords, and daggers in bronze,† â€Å"Well, my people have many great discoveries and accomplishments too.† I then proceeded to tell her of basic things like electricity, cement, and flowing tap water. I feared that if I told her anything more about things such as planes and iPhones she might freak out. Once I finished she told me that I was lying and that no such things would ever exist now, but only in the future. That s when she made the connection that I was from the â€Å"future.† However, really, I was in the present and she was inShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Personal Experience Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesSo, there I sat, seat G4 on the train headed to nowhere. I didn’t have a destination; I never really did. I guess that’s just the type of person I was, someone who just hopped on a train for the ride. I always liked trains. I don’t know what it was about them, but for some reason or another, I always found myself lounging in the same spot drinking hot cocoa. People always said that hot chocolate â€Å"was only for kids† but I never got that; I had a pretty strong distaste for coffee. Honestly, I hateRead MoreDescriptive Personal Experience Essay877 Words   |  4 Pagesstarted to notice the difference in my behavior and they would always tell me that I was acting differently. 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Developing Good Business Sense Free Essays

Choose three companies and observe how employees do their tasks. These can be three different fast-food restaurants or three entirely different types of companies, such as a fast-food restaurant, a department store, or the emergency room of a hospital. In doing this research paper I was able to observe businesses in three different fields. We will write a custom essay sample on Developing Good Business Sense or any similar topic only for you Order Now I observed an Electronics Store where the employees were paid on commission, a clothing store that paid their employees an hourly salary and a shipping company that paid its employees an hourly salary. While visiting the electronics store that paid their employees a commission salary based on their sales, I noticed that the employees were extremely polite and helpful. I was greeted by a lady as soon as I walked in the building. She welcomed me by informing me that they were happy to have me in and they were readily available to assist me with any questions I had. I also noticed that the employees in this company were very knowledgeable and took pride in their appearance as well as the appearance of their store. They were also very aggressive in their efforts to convince me to buy something. The second establishment I observed was a clothing store that paid their employees an hourly salary. While in this store I noticed that the staff was not as strong with the level of their customer service. They had a greeter at the door that was responsible for greeting customers as they entered the building. The store had a more laid back atmosphere to it and the employees were more focused on folding clothes and packing the shelves instead of assisting the customers and providing customer service. The third business that I established was a shipping company that pays its employees an hourly salary. The employees in this business were focused on providing excellent customer service while processing transactions in a speedy manner. The employee that greeted me was very polite but she was also trying to service me in a speedy manner so she could move on to the customer waiting in line. I was pleased with her service because she remained polite and she was very knowledgeable which made it easy for her to answer all my questions. Think about the differences in the operations involved in the input, operations, and output stages of these companies. Try to identify the nature of their operating systems. Are employees organized in different ways? If so, why? If possible, talk to the managers and employees in these operations to further your analysis. Based on my observations of the three businesses I used for this research paper I was able to generate three different theories about their operations and how their employees are organized. The electronics store that pays their employees a commission salary has a specific culture that is determined by their pay structure. After speaking to the store manager I discovered that the company strives to create an incentive based culture where employees are rewarded based on their sales. The company uses these sales incentives to motivate their staff in every manner for example. After an employee is hired they are taught that their sales and commission are directly affected by their knowledge level, their level of customer service and the look and appearance of their store among other things. The company informs the employees that they can make more money by being knowledgeable and focusing on customer service because knowledge and customer service builds credibility and trust with customers which leads to customer loyalty and repeat business. They are also taught that the appearance of their store directly impacts the customer and their commission because if the store looks good, the customers will be comfortable and more likely to buy (Smith, 2010). After observing the employees and speaking to supervisors in the clothing store with the hourly employees I found out that the company focuses on motivating the staff through consistent recognition and high accountable. When an employee is hired, the managers discuss the company policies and standards while setting expectations with the employee. The manager then spends a majority of their time teaching the employees how to work effectively. After training the employees, the managers put themselves in positions to observe the staff members so they are able to provide feedback. They make every effort to catch the good behaviors so they can provide recognition and boost the employee’s morale but they are also willing to provide developmental feedback when necessary. The manager informed me that this approach works for their company because it creates a fun and positive environment and the employees know they will always be treated fairly (Thomas, 2010). The shipping company had a completely different manner of operation because of the business they were in. The manager informed me that their company is more focused on working fast and efficient. The company’s goal is to deliver packages before deadlines and they train their employees to execute all their operations in the same manner. The company gives the employees goals and deadlines for every aspect of their job. For example, they have a specific time that they have to report to work, stock the delivery truck, inspect the truck and deliver packages. The company makes everything time bound and the employees are expected to do as much as they can with as little as possible (Holmes, 2010). How to cite Developing Good Business Sense, Essay examples Developing Good Business Sense Free Essays Developing Good Business Sense Axia College of University of Phoenix BUS 210 Developing Good Business Sense June 29, 2008 The three companies I selected for this assignment are McDonalds, Bose Corporation and Motorola. From the reading I was able to determine the employee’s organizational structure within this company’s by which they complete their jobs. I will review and outline the main kinds of Operations and Materials Management (OMM) processes these companies use, and how it affects their operations. We will write a custom essay sample on Developing Good Business Sense or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also, I will discuss how companies design their operating systems to give them a competitive advantage. I will identify which components of operations and materials management costs and the methods companies use to reduce them. McDonald’s is a highly successful and well recognized brand leader of fast food restaurants located around the world. They sell hamburgers and french fries as their primary products, and they work with many different food suppliers such as hamburger bun manufacturers, beef producers, produce suppliers and many others, to ensure their foods are as fresh as possible. McDonald’s sells franchise rights to local owner/operators which allow them to keep costs low and avoid high capital and plant investment costs. Since a great deal of McDonald’s service is reliant on delivering customer’s food fresh, McDonald’s use the Just in Time (JIT) inventory management system. This system reviews stock inventory levels available against product usage, and arranges delivery and restocking to the restaurants just as inventory items are needed. This allows inventory to be kept to a minimum in each franchise location. Foods for the restaurants are not warehoused for days or weeks, and are efficiently managed under this system so they are used quickly and, freshness is guaranteed. Each franchise owner keeps labor costs down by managing store staff schedules against the peak customer periods when the restaurant gets busy. Another technique McDonald’s uses to keep distribution costs low, is to have soft drink company’s ship only the soda syrup mix needed for each brand, which is then mixed with carbonated water at the soda fountain in the store. McDonalds has also begun to employ the use of robotics to complete routine, repetitive tasks such as filling soda orders for the drive through window and dumping fries into the fry maker, as a means of making their food quicker and less expensively. Over time the return on investment for these developments will pay off greatly in saved labor costs. Of course, the most important element in any McDonald’s restaurants is that employees must be organized and communicate effectively. Wasted food equates to wasted money and if a special order is needed, staff must talk to each other to make sure it is done right the first time. By working together as a team the cooks, preparation staff, and cashiers help to keeps the orders organized and production is kept high. The Bose Corporation is a world renowned manufacturer of high-fidelity speakers and audio equipment. The company’s ability to meet customer demand for their products is dependant on the supply chain and availability of components needed to complete customer orders. The company uses a supply chain network that is spread across the globe, with their primary source of over 50% of purchased components coming from the Far East. Logistics managers within the company bear the responsibility of moving the vast amounts of equipment into production, based on a real-time inventory management system called â€Å"ProterLink†. This system is able to locate supplies that are needed anywhere in the shipping chain, and divert them if necessary to meet an accelerated production schedule if necessary. This operational system gives Bose the advantage of meeting large customer’s orders without missing a beat. Transportation costs associated with material movement and management from suppliers to their Bose’ production facility would be a key cost consideration for the company. If supplies needed to fill orders are transported efficiently and are timed to correspond to production schedules, costs would be lower because unnecessary components would not take valuable inventory space away from items that are in need to complete orders, thereby maximizing production effectiveness. Motorola, a global communications leader, is using a unique forward thinking production plan to bring their services and products to market. In their self-named, â€Å"factory of the future†, custom made communication devices can be produced very quickly for customers, giving Motorola a competitive advantage. The process starts with sales person who receives the order and inputs all of the customer’s customization preferences. This information is provided as a barcode and relayed to the production facility, which uses automation technology (robots) to produce the phone in accordance with the customer’s wishes. Using robots gives Motorola a competitive advantage because they are able to mass produce large volumes of customized phones, with only a two-hour turnaround window. The universal operational strategy in any business is to meet the goal of customer satisfaction. The company’s reviewed accomplish that goal through improving quality and efficiency, and ultimately reducing costs. [pic] How to cite Developing Good Business Sense, Papers Developing Good Business Sense Free Essays Developing Good Business Sense Jennifer Lapaix BUS/210 February 28, 2010 Joanna Gierak The most over looked functions in any successful company is the Operations and Materials Management, commonly referred to as OMM activities. Operations are the functions or services that convert the input to a company into finished products and services. Materials management is the process that resources into and out of the operating system. We will write a custom essay sample on Developing Good Business Sense or any similar topic only for you Order Now To develop a good business sense you must understand how operations and materials management differ in various types of companies. The three companies I have chosen to examine are part of different industries, but Microsoft, In-N-Out Burger, and Dillard’s all share the success of a good business sense. Microsoft’s employees are selectively chosen and are programmed with prior advanced knowledge of software creation. They are expected to be pioneering and proficient with the software they create. Microsoft strives to bring user-friendly and efficient software to its customers and can only do so with employees who are team-oriented and motivated to challenge the competition (Microsoft, 2010). Microsoft’s operating system is complex but revolves around a simple idea of staying ahead of the curve in software production. The company maintains a high competitive edge over competition by supplying operating systems to almost all PC’s. The company has also branched into game console sales and will soon open individual retail locations. The downside to monopolizing the software industry and driving out competition due to incompatibility with other providers is the amount of capital spent on lawsuits and government fines. Microsoft’s reputation in the computer world may be tarnished by overly competitive operating system (Microsoft, 2010). Microsoft’s OMM costs include high salaries due to the very advanced and experienced nature of their employees. Employees are teamed and given specific goals to reach. With a challenging, but loosely controlled atmosphere, Microsoft gives its employees the room and materials to create groundbreaking software at a calm but rapid pace. Other, less expensive costs might include suppliers for equipment. Because so much of our technological items are imported, Microsoft can instead place production costs into advertising and distribution. E-commerce has further lowered the cost of distribution for Microsoft, who can now sell full operating systems and software over the Internet without the need for packaging expenses (Microsoft, 2010). In-N-Out Burger, established in 1948, is a fast-food hamburger and fries restaurant that specializes in personalized and extremely efficient service. The business philosophy is simple: â€Å"Give customers the freshest, highest quality foods you can buy and provide them with friendly service in a sparkling clean environment. † (In-N-Out History, 2010, para. 2) Employees of In-N-Out Burger can be trained from scratch, are energetic, customer service oriented, and expected to deliver high quality food. Employees are polite and friendly at all times and maintain a clean environment in the entire restaurant thus following in the founder’s business philosophy. The nature of In-N-Out Burger’s operating system is one of quality, since its inception in 1948 the menu and recipes have not changed. While other fast food restaurants use processed food or frozen food, In-N-Out Burger makes everything the old fashioned way. Also, another signature key to all In-N-Out stores is windows all around showing employees cutting vegetables for the burgers and potatoes for the fries right in front of the customers. In-N-Out’s menu only consists of burgers and fries, nothing more because the quality is so fresh and good that customers come back time and time again keeping the stores packed all day long. In-N-Out Burger’s OMM costs include mostly food and salary. Employees at In-N-Out burger, unlike other fast food chains, have a low churn rate and are paid above the industry average with full benefit packages. Employees are extremely team-oriented. As opposed to working in smaller groups, all employees on the clock are considered one team, relying on one another to eet In-N-out Burger’s reputation for rapid service and correct, quality orders. By using this type of one-mind employee organization, the restaurant runs smoothly and more efficiently from all angles even when in a small, enclosed environment. The training systems used are vigorous and motivational with a substantial amount of time and attention given to newly hired individuals. Since all branches are franchised, advertising expenses are much lower and help a franchisee to build his or her branch without becoming overwhelmed (In-N-Out Burger, 2010). Dillard’s, one of the leading high-end retail chains in the nation, specializes in exemplary customer service and brand name clothing. Dillard’s employees are extremely professional and sales-oriented. They are expected to dress cleanly and attractively to further the reputation of the company. Service at Dillard’s is top of the line and employees must be knowledgeable in their area. They must have a friendly, but not overpowering demeanor (Dillard’s, 2010). Dillard’s functions with an operating system designed for high-end customer service and fashion. Their success and reputation since 1938 has given them a competitive edge over newer high-end retail outlets. With a history of intelligently acquisitions, Dillard’s has expanded its presence across the United States rapidly. Catalogue sales and credit card options have also furthered the company’s competitive edge (Dillard’s, 2010). The OMM costs of Dillard’s are almost exclusively inventory costs and salaries. Though their clothing is marked up for consumers and can be purchased at low mass costs, such large quantities of clothing still amount for a good portion of spending. Employees at Dillard’s are given higher than average pay and extremely competitive benefits. Many of the employees are sales-driven with high commissions available to the best sales-people. The company prefers to hire individuals who have past retail or sales experience, and a flair for professional style. Similar to Microsoft, Dillard’s has also benefited in lower distribution costs due to E-commerce (Dillard’s, 2010). Employees are the backbone of these successful business and their operating systems are very dependant and focused on them. Even though they are yet again similar, these companies have very different ways of organizing their employees to improve profit and reputation. Because of the dramatic difference in industries and services offered, these companies have varying operating and materials management (OMM) costs. Costs such as those mentioned above effect a company’s overall profit. In order to deflate the OMM costs, companies like Microsoft, who are spending large percentages of capital on salary and benefits, may look to lowering production and distribution costs. Since software is easily downloaded from the Internet, Microsoft drives Internet sales to avoid packaging and delivery of their software. Other ways that Microsoft has cut down on employee expenses is outsourcing. Technical support is handled by cheap labor in other countries while software creators, who are highly paid and demanded, remain in the United States. Customer service may decline due to language barriers. The weight between savings and reputation must be carefully weighed in order to sustain a semblance of service with the customer base (Microsoft, 2010). In-N-out Burger cuts costs by using distribution centers that are nearby and even sometimes in the same city. By not purchasing foods that too far away, In-N-out Burger is able to hold a standard of quality food for customers but also can keep food fresh longer, reducing the amount of spoiled surplus and dissatisfied customers (In-N-Out burger, 2010). Dillard’s may cut OMM expenditures by under-ordering clothing. The high-end nature of the business means that sales can be slow and therefore clothing must be sold, once out of season, to other retailers at lower costs. Although selling the clothes gets back a portion of the initial costs, selling at the mark-up price is more advantageous (Dillard’s, 2010). References In-N-Out Burger. (2010). History. Retrieved March 1, 2010, from http://www. in-n-out. com/history. asp In-N-Out Burger. (2010). Employment Restaurant. Retrieved March 1, 2010, from http://www. in-n-out. com/employment_restaurant. asp Wikipedia. (2010). Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved March 1, 2010, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Microsoft Dillard’s. (2009). Career Options. Retrieved March 1, 2010, from http://www. dillards. com/sec/SecHeaderServlet? secflag=c How to cite Developing Good Business Sense, Papers

Osteopathic Medicine and its View of Human Nature Essay Sample free essay sample

Introduction Osteopathic Medicine is a categorization of wellness attention that is presently being practiced by Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine ( D. O. ) . Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine along with allopathic doctors ( M. D. ) are the lone doctors that are wholly trained and licensed. authorized to urge medicine and transport out surgery. Osteopathic Medicine is a system of medical attention that is theoretically taken to be a sub-category of â€Å"Alternative Medicine† . It was founded on the theory that turbulency in the musculoskeletal system influences other parts of our organic structure. which in bend causes many confusions that can be corrected by a assortment of commanding techniques in combination with other curative processs. In wide footings. osteopathic medical specialty. â€Å"is one of the fastest turning healthcare professions in the U. S. and brings a alone doctrine to traditional medical specialty. With a strong accent on the inter-relationship of the body’s nerv ousnesss. musculuss. castanetss and variety meats. We will write a custom essay sample on Osteopathic Medicine and its View of Human Nature Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page physicians of osteopathic medical specialty. or D. O. s. use the doctrine of handling the whole individual to the bar. diagnosing and intervention of unwellness. disease and injury† ( About Osteopathic Medicine. 2003 ) . This field of medical specialty was foremost introduced by a really celebrated doctor by the name of Andrew Taylor Still. who introduced this field of medical specialty as a complete rejection of the old system of medical idea that continued since the 19Thursdaycentury. Osteopahtic medical specialty has now become so popular that it has made its manner so near to mainstream medical specialty that it is by and large no longer considered to be an alternate medical specialty. Basically the name â€Å"Osteopathy† was thought of by Dr. Still as a means to take attention of patients holistically. which means that it would look at patients with all features of wellness such as head. organic structure. and spirit. It is a medical field. which fundamentally focuses on happening the beginning of jobs alternatively of handling indicants. The conventional osteopath realizes that the organic structure has an natural capacity to bring around itself and works to grok. both pedagogically and perceptually. the manner the organic structure works non merely when it is in a normal province. but besides the manner it functions when it is in a morbid province to organize with wellness and help the patient to mend. It is said that. â€Å"Osteopathic medical specialty provides all of the benefits of modern medical specialty including prescription drugs. surgery. and the usage of engineering to name disease and evaluate hurt. It besides offers the added benefit of hands-on diagnosing and intervention through a system of therapy known as osteopathic manipulative medicine† ( Osteopathic Medicine. 2007 ) . What is more is that this field and subject of medical specialty emphasiss on assisting each individual attain a high degree of goodness by focus oning on wellness instruction. hurt turning away and disease bar. The basic drawback of osteopathic medical specialty is that the osteopathic limelight is that all of the distinguishable variety meats are interconnected. It is believed that one organ can non be treated without impacting another organ. This means that for a individual intervention the patient would hold to be examined with consideration to the environment. background. household and general state of affairs he/she goes through everyday and so it comes down to analyze his/her organic structure. Decision In the visible radiation of the above treatment we can hereby climax that even though osteopathic medical specialty is comparatively new. but it is still deriving popularity and is a secure and natural progress towards health care. Peoples of all ages can do usage of osteopathic medical specialty. runing from new born babes to the aged. Bibliography About Osteopathic Medicine. ( 2003 ) .American Osteopathic Association.2003. Pp. 1. Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. osteopathic. org/index. cfm? PageID=ost_main Osteopathic Medicine. ( 2007 ) .AACOM.2007. Pp. 1. Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. aacom. org/om. hypertext markup language

Body Shop PLC Unilever PLC Essays

Body Shop PLC Unilever PLC Essays Body Shop PLC Unilever PLC Paper Body Shop PLC Unilever PLC Paper The Body Shop and Unilever are unmistakably one of the leading international companies providing a wide range of products including but not limited to beauty products or what is commonly known as cosmetic products. And while beauty products are becoming increasingly popular, owing to frequent media exposure the public has contested the use of animal testing in the manufacturing of such products. ‘Animal testing’ in its’ simplest sense, means that animals are being used for the testing of a product during its development. This is usually done in improving products already in the market, though it also applies in the formulation of newer market products. Unavoidably, the animals being used are harmed in the process and deaths of these animals are an accepted reality (Animal testing, 2007). The Body Shop advocates one of it’s’ core values to be against animal testing- that is, the organization believes that carrying out these tests on animals is immoral and not necessary and should also be prohibited (Our Values: Against Animal Testing, 2007). However, in the similar website it was stated that campaigns against animal testing have been done since 1998 until the year 2002 but these bans were postponed due to the fact that alternative testing procedures are not properly identified as meeting the standards of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). In response to this, The Body Shop finds such as ‘totally unacceptable’ along with their partners in animal protection groups. Their official website did not however, discuss extensively about their alternative tests; they have only stated that the company is able to choose from over 8,000 ingredients which should be able to create their products. According to them the materials have already been used in many safe applications and a lot of the ingredients could be found in native preparations used for generations. These ingredients however, were not sufficiently mentioned or explained and as such there could be no basis in determining whether the ingredients could be really alternatives to animal testing or are just derivatives from animals and the like. In terms of adopted measures to combat animal testing wherein there was insufficient discussion on their alternative testing methods, it was only said that in developing their products they use irritection, a substitute for the rabbit eye test and they also employ human volunteers for skin patch tests. Contrary to The Body Shop, Unilever which is also a leading home-product and cosmetic firm states in its official website the eventual need for testing on animals (Unilevers policy on animal testing, 2007). Generally, they explain that in cases where no other means may be possible to test or ensure the safety of their products (for instance, there are regulatory bodies which demand for testing of finished products, in some countries this may actually be the law), only then will animal testing be used. In the midst of such dilemmas, Unilever similarly seeks alternative ways for animal testing or reduction of it. In their website, it was mentioned that the company has been active in finding alternative approaches to animal testing by spearheading a program. The company claims that they have been very effective at reducing the quantity of animal testing done although by how much percent has the company been really effective we do not know. Researches were also conducted though it is not directly stated whether regarding these researches are about animal testing itself and more than 50 papers are said to have been published in the course of the last five years in a peer-reviewed scientific literature. Mention of this peer-reviewed scientific literature however (perhaps a journal), was absent. There also appears to be no such peer-reviewed literature that is in their website’s library. So the issue on animal testing has already been presented from the official websites of these two companies themselves. Inasmuch that both are sympathetic to the cause of protecting animal rights, it appears that both are lacking solid evidences in their efforts against the use of animal testing. It is however, substantial to study this issue from other perspectives as well so as not to be biased. Other sources reveal that The Body Shop is not in fact practicing what it is promoting (Beyond McDonalds: Whats wrong with the Body Shop a criticism of green consumerism -). In relation to our case, this website states that the company is in fact using preservatives, synthetic colors, fragrances and nonrenewable petrochemicals. Most of their products are said to be using only little botanical-based ingredients. The source also reveals that the company routinely treats some products by exposing them to ultraviolet radiation in order to kill bacteria. The radiation used in the process however, is from uranium which is non-renewable and can not be disposed of safely. Furthermore, the source states that ingredients used in the company’s products have also been tested on animals by other companies. This source also states that they admit ingredients which have been tested on animals before 1991 or ingredients which have been tested since 1991 for purposes other than cosmetics. Gelatin or crushed bone, which comes from animals, was also apparently found in some Body Shop products. In addition according to another website, animal testing may be stopped if companies would only use ingredients which have already been admitted as safe for use (Heavily Soiled! Boycott cruelty! ). It is in fact ‘substantial consumer benefits’ which Unilever justifies for animal testing. In a statement which may have been originally taken from Unilever, the source reveals that until alternatives are fully-validated by the government, animal testing will have to be continued for the purpose of ‘enhanced safety’ or ‘substantial consumer benefits. ’ This as found out is similar to the case of Body Shop wherein the company finds failure of alternative tests to the OECD ‘totally unacceptable. ’ Therefore, both companies due to no acceptance by government legislation of alternative testing are invariably led to still carry out animal testing. Despite of negative feedbacks however from other websites, The Body Shop according to another source appears on the list of PETA companies which do not perform animal tests (PETAs Companies that DONT Test on Animals List , 2006). The People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals or PETA is an organization for animal rights and the organization work extensively to protect animals in farmlands, laboratories, the clothing enterprise and entertainment industry (PETAs Mission Statement). Inclusion of these companies in the list however, should be examined carefully as there are companies especially those that are prominent in the market which are influential. Meanwhile, according to another source, Unilever which is a leading producer of home, health and beauty products was mentioned to be among one of the companies that do animal testing (PepsiCo Declares No More Animal Tests! ). Where companies cite reason for animal testing to be required by law or that there are regulatory bodies requiring finished products to be first tested before release to the market, another source surprisingly reveals that there are companies which still do animal testing despite not being required by law. According to the Global Action Network, a non-profit organization focusing on oceans, sustainable agriculture, wildlife, animals in entertainment, animals in biomedical research and companion animals as well as globalization; cosmetics, personal care, and household cleaning products are not required by law to be ‘animal tested’ and so there is no excuse for companies which continue to do with animal testing even if it is not being required by the law. Similar source cites The Body Shop to be among companies that do not do animal testing (this ‘don’t test’ list includes companies which have either signed PETA’s statement of assurance or they provided a statement saying they did not conduct or hire other companies to do animal tests which are not required and that they do not plan to in the future). On the other hand, from the same website, Unilever was mentioned to be among those that conduct animal tests despite not being required by law. The list has been compiled by PETA and inclusion of said companies in the list that permit or conduct animal testing is not because the companies were required by law to do animal testing but because companies are not even required to have cosmetics, personal care, and household cleaning products to be tested and yet they continue to permit or conduct animal testing (Lifestyle: Choose Cruelty-Free Products: Companies that DO Test on Animals). Perspectives on animal testing by the two companies are presented from numerous sources. In an electronic document by the Unilever Company itself (Unilever Comments to the Commission Proposal on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), 2006), the company stated that in response to a new legislation which is introduction of a new method for classifying and labeling chemicals, the company is concerned that this should encourage animal testing. The electronic document has cited however that the company has been helpful in founding of the European Partnership on Alternative Approaches to Animal Testing (EPAA). This is a joint initiative by the European Commission, trade federations and a number of companies in numerous industries (EPAA Home). A major event advertised in the website however, is predicting adverse effects on human from substances without animal testing. It is only hoped that better alternative measures have been developed that could replace animal testing and at the same time do not compromise safety or risk assessments of humans to products. Generally however, the best way that could be done in support against animal testing is to boycott companies which continue to do so in spite of non-requirement of law. On a personal level, I think it’s best if we ourselves do not demand for stronger, more improved products. That is, if we want to avoid the necessity for animals to be tested first of these products to be ensured of OUR safety. References: Animal testing. (2007, May 8). Retrieved June 29, 2007, from Biology-Online. org: biology-online. org/dictionary/Animal_testing Beyond McDonalds: Whats wrong with the Body Shop a criticism of green consumerism -. (n. d. ). Retrieved June 29, 2007, from The Body Shop in the McSpotlight: mcspotlight. org/beyond/companies/bodyshop. html EPAA Home. (n. d. ). Retrieved June 30, 2007, from European Prtnership to Alternative Approaches to Animal Testing: http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/epaa/index_en. htm Heavily Soiled! Boycott cruelty! (n. d. ). Retrieved June 29, 2007, from British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV): Campaigning to end animal experiments: buav. org/campaigns/household/soiled. html Home. (n. d. ). Retrieved June 30, 2007, from European Partnership for Alternative Approaches to Animal Testing: http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/epaa/index_en. htm Lifestyle: Choose Cruelty-Free Products: Companies that DO Test on Animals. (n. d. ). Retrieved June 30, 2007, from Global Action Network: Animal Testing: Choose Cruelty-Free Products: gan. ca/home. en. html Our Values: Against Animal Testing. (2007). Retrieved June 29, 2007, from The Body Shop: Our World, Our Community: thebodyshop. com. au/ourValues. cfm? valueID=1 PepsiCo Declares No More Animal Tests! (n. d. ). Retrieved June 30, 2007, from Caring Consumer. com (A Guide to Kind Living): caringconsumer. com/products_pepsi. asp PETAs Companies that DONT Test on Animals List . (2006). Retrieved June 29, 2007, from ethicast. com: portable ethical information: http://ethicast. com/petas_companies_that_dont_test_on_animals_list PETAs Mission Statement. (n. d. ). Retrieved June 29, 2007, from PETA: People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals: peta. org/about/ Unilever Comments to the Commission Proposal on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). (2006, October). Retrieved June 30, 2007, from Unilever: http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/reach/docs/ghs/consultation_replies/061020_Unilever_severalcountries_Comments_I. pdf Unilevers policy on animal testing. (2007). Retrieved June 29, 2007, from Unilever: feel good, look good and get more out of life: unilever. com/ourvalues/environment-society/sus-dev-report/consumers/animal-testing. asp

50 Problem Words and Phrases

50 Problem Words and Phrases 50 Problem Words and Phrases 50 Problem Words and Phrases By Mark Nichol Oh, what a tangled web we weave when first we practice to conceive written communication. So many pairs or trios of words and phrases stymie us with their resemblance to each other. Here’s a quick guide to alleviate (or is it ameliorate?) your suffering: 1. a while / awhile: â€Å"A while† is a noun phrase; awhile is an adverb. 2. all together / altogether: All together now â€Å"We will refrain from using that two-word phrase to end sentences like this one altogether.† 3. amend / emend: To amend is to change; to emend is to correct. 4. amount / number: Amount refers to a mass (â€Å"The amount saved is considerable†); number refers to a quantity (â€Å"The number of dollars saved is considerable†). 5. between / among: The distinction is not whether you refer to two people or things or to three or more; it’s whether you refer to one thing and another or to a collective or undefined number â€Å"Walk among the trees,† but â€Å"Walk between two trees.† 6. biannual / biennial: Biannual means twice a year; biennial means once every two years. 7. bring / take: If it’s coming toward you, it’s being brought. If it’s headed away from you, it’s being taken. 8. compare to / compare with: â€Å"Comparing to† implies similarity alone; â€Å"compare with† implies contrast as well. 9. compliment / complement: To compliment is to praise; to complement is to complete. 10. comprise, consist of / compose, constitute: Comprise means â€Å"include,† so test by replacement â€Å"is included of† is nonsense, and so is â€Å"is comprised of.† The whole comprises the parts or consists of the parts, but the parts compose or constitute the whole. 11. connote / denote: To connote is to convey (â€Å"Air quotes connote skepticism or irony†); to denote is to specify (â€Å"A stop sign denotes the requirement to halt†). 12. continual / continuous: Continual events are frequently repeated, or intermittent. Continuous events are uninterrupted, or constant. 13. credible / credulous: To be credible is to be authoritative; to be credulous is to be gullible. 14. deserts / desserts: If you eat only cake, pie, ice cream, and the like, you eat just desserts. If you have it coming to you, you get your just deserts as well. (However, the connotation is negative, so hit the gym.) 15. different from / different than: The former phrase is preferred in formal writing; but â€Å"differently than† is always correct usage. 16. discreet / discrete: Discreet means â€Å"subtle†; discrete means â€Å"separate.† (â€Å"He discreetly reminded them of their discrete meanings.†) 17. each other / one another: â€Å"One another† is preferred in formal writing when more than two of something are being discussed. 18. economic / economical: Economic refers to the science of economics; economical suggests frugality. 19. elemental/elementary: What’s elemental is essential or integral to nature; what’s elementary is basic. 20. ensure / insure / assure: To ensure is to guarantee, to insure is to indemnify, and to assure is to comfort or convince. 21. epidemic / endemic / pandemic: An epidemic is the outbreak of disease in a limited place and time; an endemic disease is a recurring one peculiar to a place or population; a pandemic is pervasive over a wide geographical area. 22. forgo / forego: To forgo is to go without; to forego is to go before (and is generally used only in the forms foregoing and foregone, which are themselves rare). 23. gibe / jibe / jive: To gibe (soft g, as in gym) is to taunt or insult (though jibe is an alternate spelling), to jibe with is to coincide or fit, to jive is to deceive. 24. historic / historical: Something historic is remarkable for its impact on history; something historical is simply an event in history. 25. home in / hone in: To home in is to close in; to hone in is to confuse one word for another. (â€Å"Hone in† has no meaning.) 26. jealousy / envy: Jealousy is resentment; envy is covetousness. 27. lay / lie: Lay is transitive, associated with a direct object â€Å"Lay that pencil down.† â€Å"Yesterday, I laid that pencil down.† â€Å"That pencil has been laid down.† Lie is intransitive, not so associated â€Å"Lie down.† â€Å"Last night, I lay down.† â€Å"It was my plan to have lain down already. 28. leach / leech: To leach is to dissolve by percolation; to leech is to remove blood with a leech or to exhaust; as a noun, it means a parasitic worm or the human figurative equivalent, or the edge of a sail (also spelled leach). 29. libel / slander: Libel is written defamation; slander is the spoken equivalent. 30. may / might: May refers to factual or possible; might is appropriate for the hypothetical or counterfactual. 31. nauseous / nauseated: To be nauseous is to cause sickness. To be nauseated is to feel sick. 32. notable / noticeable / noteworthy: Something notable is worthy of note. Something noticeable is capable of being noticed. Noteworthy is a synonym of notable, though the former implies the unusual and the latter the commendable. 33. partly / partially: Partly means â€Å"in part†; partially means â€Å"incomplete† or, rarely, is an antonym for unfairly. 34. peak / pique: To peak is to reach the pinnacle; to pique is to arouse interest or to bother. 35. people / persons: People has assumed primacy; persons is reserved mostly as a synonym for bodies (â€Å"those belongings carried on their persons†). 36. persuade / convince: To persuade someone is to motivate them to do something; to convince someone is to lead them to understand or believe. 37. predominantly / predominately: Both forms are correct, but predominantly predominates. 38. purposely / purposefully: What’s done purposely is done on purpose; what’s done purposefully is done with a purpose. 39. regrettably / regretfully: Regrettably is a synonym for unfortunately; regretfully means just that full of regret. 40. repetitive / repetitious: Both terms have acquired a negative connotation, but the former retains a more neutral meaning. 41. sensual / sensuous: Sensual has an erotic connotation; sensuous refers more neutrally to what is pleasurable to the senses. 42. since / because: Informally, these terms are interchangeable, but in formal writing, since should be used only to refer to time. 43. stationary / stationery: To be stationary is to stand still; stationery refers to letter-writing materials. 44. that / which: That is used restrictively (â€Å"The pencil that is sharp† among more than one pencil, the one with that characteristic); which is employed nonrestrictively (â€Å"The pencil, which is sharp† one pencil alone, possessing that characteristic). The distinction is rarely observed other than in American English. 45. tortuous / torturous: A tortuous experience is a winding one; a torturous one is painful. 46. transcript / transcription: A transcript is a thing; a transcription is the process of creating it. 47. verbal / oral: Verbal refers to both written and spoken communication, but oral is useful for distinguishing the latter from the former. 48. while / although / whereas: Informally, while is a synonym for the other two terms, but in formal writing it should be reserved for temporal connotations. 49. wreak / wreck: These terms do not share etymological origin; you wreck a party, but you do so by wreaking havoc. 50. whether / if: Both words are correct in expressing a choice, but the former is more appropriate in formal writing (â€Å"I can’t decide whether to go†), whereas the latter is better reserved for reference to possibility or probability (â€Å"I’ll go if you do†). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Handy Expressions About Hands50 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix)Sentence Adverbs

Workplace smoking bans and perceived stress Article

Workplace smoking bans and perceived stress - Article Example A study was done to prove this hypothesis where a survey involving a 12-item job questionnaire is made to be answered by employees. This includes two categories of workplace smoking bans, with no ban being the reference category. Analysis controls would also determine an individual’s socio-demographic characteristics, occupational effects, health conditions and etc. A fixed-effects linear regression scale is used as a tool to control measured and unmeasured individual time-invariant confounders, which will strongly reveal the relationship between workplace smoking bans and work-related stress. The result of this study revealed the fact that there is a different relationship formed between workplace smoking bans (WSB) and work stress depending on different age groups. For males, who comprises the bigger smoking population, they experience higher stress caused by WSBs as compared to companies without smoking bans. Although the result is significantly similar with the females, there is quite a difference in estimates, specifically on the fact that younger females ages 18-40 years old would be highly stressed out in workplaces with smoking bans while older females ages 41-65 did not demonstrate any effect on WSBs with regard to their stress levels. Generally, workplace smoking bans directly increases work stress of young adult smokers and for people who has been smoking for a long time. Indeed, we can see the adverse effects of smoking and at the same time smoking bans. In response to it, protecting non-smokers and the environment through smoking bans is more reasonable and has greater positive effects rather than establishing a stress-free workplace. This is because of the fact that WSB’s do not only protect the general public and the earth but also helps smokers themselves by reducing smoking prevalence and intensity. Although little is known about

Marketing Plan for Robotic Systems to assist in heart surgeries and Research Paper

Marketing Plan for Robotic Systems to assist in heart surgeries and other invasive surgeries - Research Paper Example For instance, there are more than 41 million people who are above 65 years and the figure will be considerably higher if we include people who are 55 years and above. Indeed, the probability that a patient (in later years of his / her life) would have a bypass, heart and cancer surgery increases; therefore, the surgeons and health professionals have suggested the use of Da Vinci, ZEUS, AESOP and SAR robotic systems as they facilitate during surgery and enhance the performance. Nevertheless, patients that have robotic surgery are quickly recovered as well as have lesser pain during trauma. The distribution firm has planned that it would open 2 new offices in Washington during June and September 2011 – one each at Union Station and Verizon Center. The expected annual sales are $4 – 5 million with net margin of at least 8%. In case the operations remain successful, the distribution firm will expand its operations to New York by opening 2 new offices during January and June 2010 – one each at Manhattan Mall and Trump Tower. 2. Business Description The Robot Systems Suppliers (hypothetical firm) was inaugurated in 2009 and it is proficient in distribution and maintenance of robotic systems that could be used in heart surgeries and others. Indeed, the technological developments have also facilitated doctors, physicians and surgeons to use modern equipments and robots for heart surgeries, for Prostate Cancer, Gastric Bypass and fatal injuries etc. The company not only focuses on the marketing and distribution on the da Vinci systems initially offered in early 21st century, but also it has been offering ZEUS Surgical System for invasive surgeries. It is worthwhile to mention the fact that use of robot systems has been increasing in US healthcare industry because they help saving time and effort during surgery as well as reduce pain and trauma for patients. For instance, the robotic systems also facilitate in faster recovery that, in turn, reduce fi nancial burden on patients since they have to spend fewer amount on medicines and checkups after surgeries. The Robot Systems Suppliers initially commenced its business operations in Los Angeles City in 2009, and today it has already become an established firm in LA, a city of more than 4 million people. The company enjoys annual revenue of $4.5 million and its net profit (15%) was recorded to be under $0.7 million approximately. The major reason behind success of Robot System Suppliers is the constant focus on differentiation and innovation coupled with top quality after-sales-services. The company also provides useful suggestions to robot producers so that they could innovate their existing robotic systems (that are widely used) and create new systems to achieve cost leadership and efficiency. It should be pointed out that there is immense business potential for suppliers of robotic systems in US healthcare industry because of rising population and number of elderly / senior citiz ens (aged 55 years and above). The Robot Systems Suppliers is in strong financial position because its gross profit margin is in range of 25 – 35%, whereas the net profit margin remains in the range of 12 – 20% because the producers tend to offer high commissions to robot distributors. In addition, the profitability increases primarily due to offering of after-sales-servi

Essays --

Jack Owens 12-18-13 Government President paper Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson was born on March 15, 1767, in the Waxhaw settlement, a community of Scotch-Irish immigrants along the border between north and south Carolina. As far as I know they are still disputing his place of origin. he claimed that his place of origin was actually south Carolina though in my opinion if he said he was from there he was from that location. His father had died before his birth Andrew’s mother had three sons and was living with her Crawford relatives. Jackson was attending local schools and received an elementary education. When the revolutionary war ended Jackson’s immediate family had been wiped out fighting in Carolina backcountry was especially savage, a bombardment of ambushes, massacred and sharp skirmishes. Jackson’s oldest brother Hugh enlisted in a patriot regiment and died at Stono ferry, according to the article he was said to have died form heatstroke from heatstroke. Too young for formal soldiering, Andrew and his brother Robert fought with American irregulars. In 1781, they were captured during this time Jackson was told to clean a british officers boots and refused which then drew to the officer to slash Jackson with his sword also in that time Robert contracted smallpox, which he died shortly after their release. While trying to retrieve his nephews from a British prison ship Andres mother also fell ill and later died. An orphan and hardened veteran at the age of fifteen. Jackson drifted, he taught at a school for a little amount of time. Then he started to read into law while in north Carolina. After admission to the bar in 1787, he accepted an offer to server as a public prosecutor in the new mero district of north Carolina, west o... ...vancing enemies with artillery and rifle fire. The British casualties exceeded two thousand Jackson ended up only loosing thirteen to death with fifty-eight wounded or missing. With both sides not aware of the treaty of Ghent ending the war had been signed two weeks earlier, so the battle had no effect on the outcome. Still, this victory with it’s tremendous casualty ratio. The idea of untrained and volunteer soldiers against veteran British soldiers was astonishing. Jackson was then seen as a hero next to George Washington. Jackson remained in the military after the war. Late in 1817,he received orders to subdue the Seminole Native Americans, who were raiding across the border from Spanish Florida itself. He captured its bastions at St. Marks Pensacola and arrested, tried, and executed two British nationalists whom he charged with abetting the Native Americans.

Late Pleistocene Environmental changes

The Pleistocene occurred from about 1.8 million years ago up to 10,000 years ago. During this time frame, early man as well as all species living on Earth at the time was subject to extreme climatic changes which may have shaped their evolution. The late Pleistocene and its transition into the Holocene were marked by extreme climate changes. The Pleistocene was the time of homogenous cold weather throughout the world. However, during the latter part of the Pleistocene, from about 18,000 up to 11,000 years ago, the weather began to warm up, resulting in glacial retreat and marked differences in seasonal temperatures. This increase in temperature was temporarily reversed by a phenomenon called the younger Dryas.(Buchdahl) These changes severely altered the then present ecological systems. Populations were separated, most migrated and some went extinct. The ecological disruption that resulted led to mass mega faunal extinctions, as well as grave evolutionary impacts on surviving species . Which of these changes would have most affected human populations? Most humans during the period were hunter-gatherers, dependent on the flora and fauna of a given area for their primal needs. With the changes in weather, plants, primary producers in the ecosystems populated humans began to die out. The loss of these plants would have led many species of primary consumers to migrate in search of foliage. Since plants, man’s source of sustenance, were dying, and since the animal’s, also dependent on plants were migrating, man then had no choice but to follow their food and themselves migrate. Humans are, as compared to other species, more adaptive to their surroundings. However, the harsh climatic conditions and their variability would have meant that a single generation would have had to adapt to different circumstances. Although not all species are more susceptible to dying out in the circumstances then, the effect of a lost species on an established ecosystem would be disastrous. The loss of megafauna during the times, whether due to over-hunting of the starved humans or as a result of the environmental changes occurring would have led to an imbalance in the system, allowing for an increase in the prey population, most of which feed upon herbage, so that what little herbage at that time which was present was now consumed at a much more rapid rate.(Messer, 2006) The general warming would have led to a new series of established ecosystems. However, the occurrence of the Younger Dryas resulted into a throwback unto glaciations. Ecosystems that were adapting to the warming climate, plants, animals and humans, once more had to adapt to a different set of circumstances. (Buchdahl) Evidence shows that the Younger Dryas, an approximately 1000 year event ended abruptly, in a span of only several decades. This rapid change would have again upset communities and ecosystems. The melting of glaciers resulted in flooding of areas where ecosystems thrived during the ice age. The marked changes in seasonal temperatures again brought upon the extinctions of plants which have already adapted to the previously prevalent cold climate, again resulting in disruptions in ecosystems. The impact of these was felt by man, who where at the top of the food chain. (Messer, 2006) In terms of genetics, the changes brought upon by the migrations of human populations would have led to isolation. This isolation would have then resulted in inbreeding among a single population, further genetically separating one population from another, which could have led to differentiations in terms of race. Do you see parallels with issues of climate change today? The main issue in today’s climate is global warming. The Earth, as expressed from numerous scientific accounts is warming up. This could be seen as a parallel to the late Pleistocene warming that preceded the Younger Dryas. The younger dryas was said to be caused by the influxe of freshwater coming from the melting of glaciers. These freshwaters mixed with established saltwater streams, the resulting change in salinity disrupting the ocean currents that shaped the climate. Like the late Pleistocene, we are now experiencing variations in local weather as well as in over all climate. Extinctions, which lead to disruptions in ecosystems, are at present occurring at alarming rates. What issues are particularly relevant? Man during the late Pleistocene has come a long way to be the man we are today. However, what is still the same is our dependence on the ecosystem that sustains us. It is still plant and animals that provides us sustenance, trees that provides us raw materials and fuel. Marked fluctuations in the weather would lead to disruptions in these ecosystems, which would force us to alter the life we are living at the present in order to adapt. Also, unlike then, our species advances in civilization have introduced a new aspect, economics. No longer would hunter-gatherers, survival, when such a drastic phenomenon occurs, be based on a populations resources at and, dooming those of our species that, in these times, already have nothing to eat, to wear, to shelter in. Similar essay: Summary â€Å"The Environmental Issue from Hell† REFERENCES: Buchdahl, J. Palaeoclimatic Change: The Younger Dryas Event [Electronic Version]. Retrieved June 4 2007 from http://www.ace.mmu.ac.uk/resources/gcc/5-3-2-1.html. Messer, A. E. (2006). Early Americans faced rapid late Pleistocene climate change and chaotic environments [Electronic Version]. EurekAlert. Retrieved June 4 2007 from http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-02/ps-eaf020606.php.